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Nathan, Andrew J. (Chinese)

Andrew James Nathan

Andrew James Nathan

論劉霞

黎友安(Andrew J. Nathan)

哥倫比亞大學政治學教授

劉霞最為世人所知,一是作為諾貝爾和平獎獲得者劉曉波的妻子,二是作為長期遭受軟禁的受害者,自從劉曉波獲得諾獎以來她一直遭中國當局非法軟禁。劉霞不為世人所知的,則是她本身就是一個中國藝術界的重要人物。劉霞在1959年生於北京,她展示了藝術和寫作的才能,在相對自由的上世紀八十年代,現代派文學藝術在北京蓬勃發展,劉霞就是當時活躍的一員。就在那個時候,她愛上了具有爭議的年輕大學教授、公共知識分子劉曉波。劉曉波隨後搬入了劉霞的公寓,該公寓屬於劉霞曾經工作的北京市稅務局。

這兩個人在性格上迥然不同。劉霞曾經告訴西方記者:“我並不介入政治,我彷佛生活在另外一個世界。我們在家裡盡可能不談政治。我丈夫知道政治引不起我的興趣。”1 崔衛平在為這個圖錄所撰寫的文章中談到了她不願意捲入1989年的天安門政治風波。但是她在天安門事件後劉曉波被監禁期間(1089-91)和在北京未知地點遭軟禁期間(1995-96)支持他。1996年當劉曉波在接受勞動教養時,劉霞向勞教所申請與他結婚。劉霞與劉曉波的結合使她失去了展示和出版其藝術作品的權利。她的作品自1989年起在中國被禁,儘管她並未參與天安門事件,也沒有簽署《零八憲章》;正因為《零八憲章》這一自由宣言導致了劉曉波最近一次而且是最長時間的監禁,他於2009年12月被判入獄十一年。

居伊·索爾曼獲得了此次展出中的傑出照片,並獲得劉霞的許可將其展出。這些照片為劉霞1996-1999年劉曉波勞動教養時所作。這些令人感覺奇怪、不安和震動的照片,不僅在其內容和風格上,也從其創作、被禁和現在在海外展出的過程中,展示了關於當今中國的極為深刻的真相。

Andrew J. Nathan, Class of 1919 Professor of Political Science, Columbia University, served as chair of the Department of Political Science, 2003-2006. He is co-chair of the board, Human Rights in China, a member of the board of Freedom House, and a member of the Advisory Committee of Human Rights Watch, Asia, which he chaired, 1995-2000.  He is the regular Asia book reviewer for Foreign Affairs magazine and a member of the editorial boards of the Journal of DemocracyThe China QuarterlyThe Journal of Contemporary ChinaChina Information, and others. Nathan’s books include Peking Politics, 1918-1923 (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1976); Chinese Democracy (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1985); Popular Culture in Late Imperial China, co-edited with David Johnson and Evelyn S. Rawski (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1985); Human Rights in Contemporary China, with R. Randle Edwards and Louis Henkin (New York: Columbia University Press, 1986); China’s Crisis (New York: Columbia University Press, 1990); The Great Wall and the Empty Fortress: China’s Search for Security, with Robert S. Ross (New York: W. W. Norton, 1997); China’s Transition (New York: Columbia University Press, 1997); and The Tiananmen Papers, co-edited with Perry Link (New York: Public Affairs, 2001).

(This essay was written especially for the catalogue of the 2012 New York showing of the exhibition “The Silent Strength of Liu Xia” at the Italian Academy for Advanced Studies in America, based at Columbia University in New York City. It was included in the catalogue of the 2012 Hong Kong showing of the exhibition at the City University of Hong Kong and the Hong Kong Arts Centre as well. Translation by CHEN Biao, coordinator of the ICPC Freedom to Write and Literature Exchange Committee. Text copyright © 2012 by Andrew J. Nathan. All rights reserved.)

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